II. TORTURES, BY IRON COLLARS, CHAINS, FETTERS, HANDCUFFS, &c.The slaves are often tortured by iron collars, with long prongs or “horns” and sometimes bells attached to them—they are made to wear chains, handcuffs, fetters, iron clogs, bars, rings, and bands of iron upon their limbs, iron marks upon their faces, iron gags in their mouths, &c.
In proof of this, we give the testimony of slaveholders themselves, under their own names; it will be mostly in the form of extracts from their own advertisements, in southern newspapers, in which, describing their runaway slaves, they specify the iron collars, handcuffs, chains, fetters, &c., which they wore upon their necks, wrists, ankles, and other parts of their bodies. (Beecher Stow, Harriet, Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin, pg.73)
WITNESSES: H. Gridly, sheriff of Adams county, Mi., in the "Memphis (Tenn.) Times,'' September, 1834. TESTIMONY: "Was committed to jail, a negro boy—had on a large neck iron with a huge pair of horns and a large bar or band of iron on his left leg.''
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WITNESSES: Mr. Lambre, in the "Natchitoches (La.) Herald,'' March 29, 1837.
TESTIMONY: "Ranaway, the negro boy Teams—he had on his neck an iron collar.''
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WITNESSES: Messrs. J. L. and W. H. Bolton, Shelby county, Tennessee, in the "Memphis Enquirer,'' June 7, 1837.
TESTIMONY: "Absconded, a colored boy named Peter—had an iron round his neck when he went away.
WITNESS: William Toler, sheriff of Simpson county, Mississippi, in the "Southern Sun,'' Jackson, Mississippi, September 22, 1838. TESTIMONY: "Was committed to jail, a yellow boy named Jim—had on a large lock chain around his neck.''
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WITNESS: Mr. James R. Green, in the "Beacon,'' Greensborough, Alabama, August 23, 1838.
TESTIMONY: Ranaway, a negro man named Squire—had on a chain locked with a house-lock, around his neck.''
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WITNESS: Mr. Hazlet Loflano, in the "Spectator,'' Staunton, Virginia, Sept. 27, 1838.
TESTIMONY: "Ranaway, a negro named David—with some iron hobbles around each ankle.''
WITNESS: Mr. T. J. De Yampert, merchant, Mobile, Alabama, of the firm of De Yampert, King & Co., in the "Mobile Chronicle,'' June 15, 1838. TESTIMONY: "Ranaway, a negro boy about twelve years old—had round his neck a chain dog-collar, with 'De Yampert engraved on it.''
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WITNESS: J. H. Hand, jailor, St. Francisville, La., in the "Louisiana Chronicle,'' Jully 26, 1837.
TESTIMONY: "Committed to jail, slave John—has several scars on his wrists, occasioned, as he says, by handcuffs.''
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WITNESS: Mr. Charles Curener. New Orleans, in the "Bee,'' July 2, 1838.
TESTIMONY: "Ranaway, the negro, Hown—has a ring of iron on his left foot. Also, Grisee, his wife, having a ring and chain on the left leg.''
WITNESS: Mr. Owen Cooke, "Mary street, between Common and Jackson streets,'' New Orleans, in the N. O. "Bee,'' September 12, 1837. TESTIMONY: "Ranaway, my slave Amos, had a chain attached to one of his legs.''
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WITNESS: H. W. Rice, sheriff, Colleton district, South Carolina, in the "Charleston Mercury,'' September 1, 1838.
TESTIMONY: "Committed to jail, a negro named Patrick, about forty-five years old, and is handcuffed.''
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WITNESS: W. P. Reeves, jailor, Shelby county, Tennessee, in the "Memphis Enquirer, June 17, 1837.
TESTIMONY: "Committed to jail, a negro—had on his right leg an iron band with one link of a chain.''
WITNESS: Mr. P. T. Manning, Huntsville, Alabama, in the "Huntsville Advocate,'' Oct. 23, 1838. TESTIMONY: "Ranaway, a negro boy named James—said boy was ironed when he left me.''
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WITNESS: Mr. William L. Lambeth, Lynchburg, Virginia, in the "Moulton [Ala.] Whig,'' January 30, 1836.
TESTIMONY: "Ranaway, Jim—had on when he escaped a pair of chain hand. cuffs.''
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WITNESS: Mr. D. F. Guex, Secretary of the Steam Cotton Press Company, New Orleans, in the "Commercial Bulletin,'' May 27, 1837. TESTIMONY:"Ranaway, Edmund Coleman—it is supposed he must have iron shackles on his ankles.''
WITNESS: Mr. Francis Durett, Lexington, Alabama, in the "Huntsville Democrat,'' March 8, 1838. TESTIMONY: "Ranaway—, a mulatto—had on when he left, a pair of handcuffs and a pair of drawing chains.''
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WITNESS: B. W. Hodges, jailor, Pike county, Alabama, in the "Montgomery Advertiser,'' Sept. 29, 1837.
TESTIMONY: "Committed to jail, a man who calls his name John—he has a clog of iron on his right foot which will weigh four or five pounds.''
WITNESS: Mr. Charles Kernin, parish of Jefferson, Louisiana, in the N. O. "Bee,'' August 11, 1837.
TESTIMONY: "Ranaway, Betsey—when she left she had on her neck an iron collar.''
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WITNESS: Mr. T. Enggy, New Orleans, Gallatin street, between Hospital and Barracks, N. O. "Bee,'' Oct. 27, 1837.
TESTIMONY: "Ranaway, negress Caroline—had on a collar with one prong turned down.''
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WITNESS: Mr. John Henderson, Washington, county, Mi., in the "Grand Gulf Advertiser,'' August 29, 1838.
TESTIMONY: "Ranaway, a black woman, Betsey—had an iron bar on her right leg.''
(source: American Slavery As It Is, by Theodore Weld, New York: American Anti-Slavery Society, 1839)
